How many eggs does a laying hen produce according to its breed and age?

Egg Production: Figures That Vary by Breed

Before venturing into laying hen farming, it is essential to understand that not all breeds are equal when it comes to production. A specialized breed such as the White Leghorn can lay up to 300 to 320 eggs per year, which is almost one egg per day. The ISA Brown, one of the most common hybrids in farmyard breeding, delivers similar performance with 280 to 310 eggs annually.

Conversely, dual-purpose breeds — for both meat and eggs — produce significantly less. The Marans, renowned for its dark brown eggs that are highly sought after at farmers' markets, lays an average of 150 to 200 eggs per year. The Gauloise dorée and the Bresse fall within a similar range. These hardy breeds appeal to consumers seeking authenticity, even if their yield is lower.

The Hen's Age: A Determining Factor in Egg Laying

A laying hen's career unfolds in several distinct phases. Laying generally begins between 18 and 22 weeks depending on the breed. The first year of production is often the most prolific: this is the peak laying period, during which the hen performs at her best.

From the second year onward, production decreases by an average of 15 to 20%. From the third year, the decline becomes even more pronounced. A 3-year-old hen may lay only half the eggs she produced at her peak. This is why many farmers renew their flock every 2 to 3 years to maintain profitable and consistent production.

Other Factors That Influence Egg Laying

Breed and age are not the only parameters to consider. Several aspects of a hen's daily life directly influence her production:

Light plays a crucial role: a hen needs at least 14 to 16 hours of light per day to lay regularly. In winter, laying can naturally drop or even stop completely in hardy breeds.

Diet is equally important. A feed rich in protein, calcium, and vitamins ensures quality eggs and sustained laying. Producers selling through short supply chains often rely on natural supplements such as crushed oyster shells to strengthen eggshells.

Stress, sudden temperature changes, or the presence of predators can also significantly reduce laying. A calm and secure environment is essential for happy and productive hens.

Choosing the Right Breed for Your Farm Sales Project

For a farming operation focused on short supply chain sales, the choice of breed must match your customer base and desired production volume. If you are aiming for a high weekly egg volume, opt for high-performing hybrids. If you wish to market distinctive eggs — colourful, organic, free-range — focus on heritage breeds such as the Marans or the Sussex, which tell a compelling story to your buyers.

By combining the right breed choice, careful monitoring of flock age, and optimal farming conditions, you will maximize your production while offering flavorful and distinctive eggs at your local markets.